Spain PESTLE Insights – A Macroeconomic Outlook Report

Financial intermediation, real estate, and business activities contributed 26.4% to the gross value added (GVA) in 2024, followed by wholesale, retail, and hotels (19.6%) and mining, manufacturing, and utilities (15.6%). In nominal terms, the three sectors are expected to grow by 5.8%, 1.6%, and 4.2%, respectively, in 2025.

In 2024, four major autonomous communities in Spain generated around 38.4% of GDP and accounted for 32.6% of the total population, according to MarketLine cities database.

Scope

Macroeconomic Country Outlook Reports evaluate a country's investment potential through its political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) framework. This comprehensive analysis offers a holistic view of the economy, serving as a strategic tool to understand market dynamics, business potential, and operational direction. Each PESTLE factor is examined based on four parameters: current strengths, current challenges, future prospects, and future risks. These insights support strategic planning by highlighting opportunities and risks within the economy, helping businesses and investors make informed decisions. The report aims to provide a detailed understanding of the country's macroeconomic environment to facilitate effective decision-making and strategy development.

Reasons to buy

Macroeconomic Outlook Report identifies the potentials of the country as an investment destination by analyzing the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) structure.

PESTLE Insights provides 360 degree view of the economy which can be used as a strategic tool to understand the market dynamics, business potentials and direction of operations

Along with providing the country’s snapshot, the report captures the risk factors pertaining to the macroeconomic risks, political environment, legal environment, demographic and social structure effectiveness, technology & infrastructure and natural and geographic aspects that might impact business.

This report also highlights key clusters/cities which contribute significantly to the country GDP and population along with major companies’ presence in these areas.

Companies mentioned

Crisa

Repsol

Chova

EcoRadiant

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

List of Exhibits

Did You Know?

Country Highlights

Key Economic Updates and Impact of US Tariffs

Country Snapshot

Political Landscape

Economic Landscape

Social Landscape

Technological Landscape

Legal Landscape

Environmental Landscape

Outlook

List of Tables

Exhibit 1: Spain’s performance in country risk analysis in comparison to West Europe and world average

Exhibit 2: Performance overview (score: 1-100)

Exhibit 3: Broad categories and weights behind the index

Exhibit 4: Bolsa de Madrid stock market index – IBEX 35

Exhibit 5: Key sectors contribution to the economy (2017–24f)

Exhibit 6: Total FDI flows by sector (2018–22) & FDI by top three sectors (2021–22)

Exhibit 7: Gross foreign investment without ETVE operations (2021–22)

Exhibit 8: Key infrastructure indicators

Exhibit 9: Real GDP and household consumption growth rate (2018–25f)

Exhibit 10: Real GDP growth rate comparison (2022)

Exhibit 11: Volume of exports and imports growth (2018–25f)

Exhibit 12: Current account balance (2018–25f)

Exhibit 13: Top three commodity exports, % of total exports (2018–22)

Exhibit 14: Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, % of world total (2022)

Exhibit 15: Interest rates (May 2018–May 2023)

Exhibit 17: General government deficit (2018–25f)

Exhibit 18: General government debt (2018–25f)

Exhibit 19: Unemployment rate (2018–25f)

Exhibit 20: Average annual wages (2018–25f)

Exhibit 21: Labor cost index (2018–25f)

Exhibit 22: Rural/urban share of total population (1995, 2005, 2015, 2025f)

Exhibit 23: Age-group share of total population (1995, 2005, 2015, 2025f)

Exhibit 24: Gender split (1995, 2005, 2015, 2025f)

Exhibit 25: Internet users as a percentage of total population, mobile penetration rate, and broadband penetration rate (2022)

Exhibit 26: Number of patents granted per million population (2021)

Exhibit 27: High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports (2021)

Exhibit 28: Rule of law (rankings), 2022

Exhibit 29: Corruption perceptions index (rankings) (2022)

Exhibit 30: Renewable energy capacity (2017–21)

Exhibit 31: CO2 emissions (2017–21)

List of Figures

Exhibit 1: Spain’s Performance in Terms of its Country Risk Analysis in Comparison to Europe and the World

Exhibit 2: Performance Overview (Score: 0–100)

Exhibit 3: Broad Categories and Weights Behind the Index

Exhibit 4: IBEX 35 Index (December 2024 – December 2025)

Exhibit 5: Key Sectors’ Contribution to the Economy

Exhibit 6: FDI Flows and FDI Stock (2020–24)

Exhibit 7: Greenfield FDI Projects and Net Cross-border M&A Deals (2020–24)

Exhibit 8: Key Infrastructure Indicators

Exhibit 9: Real GDP and Household Consumption Growth Rate (2020–27f)

Exhibit 10: Real GDP Growth Rate Comparison (2024)

Exhibit 11: Volume of Exports and Imports Growth (2020–27f)

Exhibit 12: Current Account Balance (2020–27f)

Exhibit 13: Top Three Commodity Exports, % of Total Exports (2020–24)

Exhibit 14: Vehicles other than Railway or Tramway Rolling Stock, and Parts and Accessories Thereof Exports, % of World’s Total (2024)

Exhibit 15: Interest Rates (November 2020 – November 2025)

Exhibit 16: Exchange Rate and Inflation Rate (2020–27f)

Exhibit 17: Public Finance (2020–27f)

Exhibit 18: General Government Debt (2020–27f)

Exhibit 19: Unemployment Rate (2020–27f)

Exhibit 20: Average Annual Wages (2020–27f)

Exhibit 21: Labor Cost Index (2020–27f)

Exhibit 22: Rural/Urban Share of Total Population (2015, 2020, 2025f, 2030f)

Exhibit 23: Age-group Share of Total Population (2015, 2020, 2025f, 2030f)

Exhibit 24: Gender Split (2015, 2020, 2025f, 2030f)

Exhibit 25: Internet Users as % of Total Population, Mobile Penetration Rate, and Broadband Penetration Rate (2024)

Exhibit 26: Number of Patents Granted Per Million Population (2024)

Exhibit 27: High-Technology Exports, % of Manufactured Exports (2023)

Exhibit 28: Rule of Law Index (Rankings) 2025

Exhibit 29: Corruption Perceptions Index (Rankings) (2024)

Exhibit 30: Renewable Electricity, Installed Capacity (2020–24)

Exhibit 31: CO2e Emissions (2020–24)

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