Frontier Pharma: Breast Cancer – First-in-Class Innovation Underlies Immunotherapeutic Potential and Pipeline Diversification for Late-Stage Breast Cancer

Breast cancer remains a major global healthcare concern despite exceptional levels of public awareness about the disease. A lack of clear causative environmental factors and hereditary dispositioning have resulted in the incidence of breast cancer continuing to rise, a trend which is expected to continue into the immediate future.

In the UK, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, with there being over 54,900 cases diagnosed each year. Although early-stage cancer is relatively treatable and has good 5- and 10-year disease-free survival rates, 10% of cancers are diagnosed late. Additionally, there are no treatments for metastatic breast cancer, which ultimately results in death.

As a whole, this presents a huge unmet clinical need in the breast cancer treatment algorithm. The treatment algorithm for breast cancer focuses on two main themes: standard chemotherapy and drugs that target hormones, namely estrogen and progesterone. However, chemotherapy and hormone drugs only make up a small percentage of the drug pipeline and an even smaller percentage of first-in-class products.

New trends in oncology are present in the breast cancer pipeline, in particular the focus on extracellular matrix degradation and improving the immune response to tumors. This report focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and existing treatment options for breast cancer before giving detailed insight into promising pipeline targets and deal activity in the breast cancer market.

Scope

– Unmet need is extremely high in late-stage breast cancer.

– What are the most important etiological risk factors and pathophysiological processes implicated in breast cancer?

– What is the current treatment algorithm?

– How effective are current therapies for these indications, and how does this impact prognosis?

– The breast cancer pipeline is large and contains a very high proportion of first-in-class product innovation.

– Which molecule types and molecular targets are most prominent across the breast cancer pipeline?

– What are the relationships between established and up-coming molecular targets in breast cancer?

– Which first-in-class targets are most promising?

– How does first-in-class target diversity differ by stage of development and molecular target class?

– The deals landscape is active and dominated by very high and very low deal values.

– Which indications attract the highest deal values?

– How has deal activity fluctuated over the past decade?

– Which first-in-class pipeline products have no prior involvement in licensing or co-development deals?

Reasons to buy

- Appreciate the current clinical and commercial landscapes by considering disease symptoms, pathogenesis, etiology, co-morbidities and complications, epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment options.

- Identify leading products and key unmet needs within the market.

- Recognize innovative pipeline trends by analyzing therapies by stage of development, molecule type and molecular target.

- Assess the therapeutic potential of first-in-class targets. Using proprietary matrix assessments, first-in-class targets in the pipeline have been assessed and ranked according to clinical potential.

- Consider first-in-class pipeline products with no prior involvement in licensing and co-development deals, which may represent potential investment opportunities.

Table of Contents

1 Table of Contents

1 Table of Contents 2

1.1 List of Tables 4

1.2 List of Figures 4

2 Executive Summary 6

2.1 Exceptionally Large and Innovative Pipeline 6

2.2 Alignment of First-in-Class Molecular Target with Disease Causation 6

2.3 Highly Active Deals Landscape with Numerous Investment Opportunities 6

3 The Case for Innovation 7

3.1 Growing Opportunities for Biologic Products 7

3.2 Diversification of Molecular Targets 8

3.3 Innovative First-in-Class Product Developments Remain Attractive 8

3.4 Regulatory and Reimbursement Policy Shifts Favor First-in-Class Innovation 9

3.5 Sustained Innovation in Breast Cancer 9

3.6 Report Guidance 9

4 Clinical and Commercial Landscape 11

4.1 Overview of Breast Cancer 11

4.2 Symptoms 11

4.3 Diagnosis 11

4.4 Etiology 12

4.4.1 Age and Gender 12

4.4.2 Genetics 12

4.4.3 Environmental 13

4.5 Pathophysiology 13

4.5.1 Tumor Initiation and Aberrant Cell Proliferation and Survival 13

4.5.2 Tumor Metabolic Shift 14

4.5.3 Tumor Progression, Micro-environment Alteration and Angiogenesis 15

4.5.4 Cancer Stem Cells 16

4.6 Epidemiology 16

4.7 Complications 17

4.8 Prognosis and Disease Staging 18

4.8.1 Classification 19

4.9 Introduction to Breast Cancer Treatments 20

4.9.1 Treatment Algorithm 20

4.9.2 Treatment Options for Breast Cancer 22

4.10 Overview of Marketed Products in Breast Cancer 26

4.11 Current Unmet Needs in the Breast Cancer Market 27

5 Assessment of Pipeline Product Innovation 29

5.1 Overview 29

5.2 Breast Cancer Pipeline by Phase of Development and Molecule Type 29

5.3 Pipeline by Molecular Target 30

5.4 Comparative Distribution of Programs between the Market and Pipeline by Molecular Target Class 32

5.5 Comparative Distribution of First-in-Class and Non-First-in-Class Pipeline Programs by Molecular Target Class 32

5.5.1 Percentage Distribution of First-in-Class and Non-First-in-Class Pipeline Programs 35

5.6 Ratio of First-In-Class Programs to First-in-Class Molecular Targets within the Pipeline 36

5.7 List of All First-in-Class Pipeline Programs 38

6 Signaling Network, Disease Causation and Innovation Alignment 62

6.1 Complexity of Signaling Networks in Breast Cancer 62

6.2 Signaling Pathways, Disease-Causing Mutations and First-in-Class Molecular Target Integration 62

6.3 First-in-Class Molecular Target Matrix Assessment 63

7 First-in-Class Target Evaluation 70

7.1 Pipeline Programs Targeting PI3K Catalytic Subunit Alpha Isoform (PI3KCA) 70

7.2 Pipeline Programs Targeting GTPase KRAS (K-ras) 71

7.3 Pipeline Programs Targeting Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) 72

7.4 Pipeline Programs Targeting CD278 (ICOS gene product) 74

7.5 Pipeline Programs Targeting Stimulator of Interferon Genes (TMEM173 gene product) 74

7.6 Pipeline Programs Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Protein Kinase ERBB 3 (HER3) 76

7.7 Pipeline Programs Targeting Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) 79

7.8 Pipeline Programs Targeting Calcium Release-Activated Calcium Channel Protein 1 (ORAI1) 80

7.9 Conclusion 81

8 Strategic Consolidations 83

8.1 Industry-Wide First-in-Class Deals 83

8.2 Breast Cancer Deals Landscape 84

8.3 Licensing Deals 85

8.3.1 Deals by Region, Value and Year 85

8.3.2 Deals by Stage of Development and Value 86

8.3.3 Deals by Molecule Type and Molecular Target 87

8.3.4 List of Deals with Disclosed Deal Values 88

8.4 Co-development Deals 92

8.4.1 Deals by Region, Value and Year 92

8.4.2 Deals by Stage of Development and Value 93

8.4.3 Deals by Molecule Type and Molecular Target 94

8.4.4 List of Deals with Disclosed Deal Values 95

8.5 First-In-Class Programs with and without Prior Licensing or Co-development Deal Involvement 96

9 Appendix 105

9.1 Abbreviations 105

9.2 References 106

9.3 Methodology 120

9.3.1 Data integrity 120

9.3.2 Innovative and Meaningful Analytical Techniques and Frameworks 120

9.3.3 Evidence Based Analysis and Insight 120

9.4 Secondary Research 120

9.4.1 Market Analysis 121

9.4.2 Pipeline Analysis 121

9.4.3 Licensing and Co-development Deals 121

9.5 Contact Us 122

9.6 Disclaimer 122

List of Tables

1.1 List of Tables

Table 1: Breast Cancer, Global, Tumor, Regional Lymph Node and Metastasis Staging, 2010-2013 18

Table 2: Breast Cancer, Global, US, Disease Stage at Diagnosis and Five-year Relative Survival (%), 2013 18

Table 3: Breast Cancer, Global, Breast Cancer Histopathological and Molecular Classification, 2018 19

Table 4: Breast Cancer, Global, Key Features of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha Isoform (PI3K), 2018 70

Table 5: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline Programs Targeting Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha Isoform (PI3K), 2018 71

Table 6: Breast Cancer, Global, Key Features of GTPase KRAS (K-ras), 2018 72

Table 7: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline Programs Targeting GTPase KRAS (K-ras), 2018 72

Table 8: Breast Cancer, Global, Key Features of Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47), 2018 73

Table 9: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline Programs Targeting Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47), 2018 73

Table 10: Breast Cancer, Global, Key Features of Cluster of Differentiation 278 (CD278), 2018 74

Table 11: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline Programs Targeting Cluster of Differentiation 278 (CD278), 2018 74

Table 12: Breast Cancer, Global, Key Features of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), 2018 75

Table 13: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline Programs Targeting Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), 2018 76

Table 14: Breast Cancer, Global, Key Features of Tyrosine Protein Kinase ERBB3 (HER3), 2018 77

Table 15: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline Programs Targeting Tyrosine Protein Kinase ERBB3 (HER3), 2018 78

Table 16: Breast Cancer, Global, Key Features of Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), 2018 80

Table 17: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline Programs Targeting Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), 2018 80

Table 18: Breast Cancer, Global, Key Features of Calcium Release Activated Calcium Channel Protein 1 (ORAI1), 2018 81

Table 19: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline Programs Targeting Calcium Release Activated Calcium Channel Protein 1 (ORAI1), 2018 81

List of Figures

1.2 List of Figures

Figure 1: Breast Cancer, Global, Innovation Trends in Product Approvals Across the Pharmaceutical Market, 1987-2014 7

Figure 2: Breast Cancer, Global, Post-Marketing-Approval Sales Performance of First-in-Class Products Across the Pharmaceutical Industry ($m), 2006-2013 8

Figure 3: Breast Cancer, Global, Treatment Algorithm for Cancer Diagnosed at Stages I to III, 2018 21

Figure 4: Breast Cancer, Global, Treatment Algorithm for Cancer Diagnosed at Stage IV, 2018 22

Figure 5: Breast Cancer, Global, Market by Molecule Type and Molecular Target, 2018 27

Figure 6: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline Size by Therapy Area, 2018 29

Figure 7: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline by Stage of Development and Molecule Type, 2018 30

Figure 8: Breast Cancer, Global, Pipeline by Molecular Target and Breakdown of Growth Factor Antagonist Molecular Target Class, 2018 31

Figure 9: Breast cancer, Global, Distribution of Pipeline and Marketed Products by Molecular Target Class, 2018 32

Figure 10: Breast Cancer, Global, Distribution of Pipeline Products by First-in-Class Status and Molecular Target Class, 2018 34

Figure 11: Breast Cancer, Global, Percentage Distribution of First-in-Class and Non-First-in-Class Products by Stage of Development and Molecular Target Class, 2018 36

Figure 12: Breast Cancer, Global, Ratio of First-in-Class Products to First-in-Class Targets by Stage of Development and Molecular Target Class, 2018 37

Figure 37: Breast Cancer, Global, First-in-Class Molecular Target Matrix Assessment for Breast Cancer, 2018 (part 1) 64

Figure 44: Breast Cancer, Global, Industry-Wide Licensing Deals by First-in-Class Status and Stage of Development, 2006-2015 83

Figure 45: Breast Cancer, Global, Industry-Wide Licensing Deals by First-in-Class Status, Deal Value, Upfront Payment Value and Stage of Development, 2006-2014 84

Figure 46: Breast Cancer, Global, Licensing Deals by Region, Value and Year, 2006-2018 86

Figure 47: Breast Cancer, Global, Licensing Deals by Deal Value, Upfront Payment Value and Stage of Development, 2006-2018 87

Figure 48: Breast Cancer, Global, Number and Aggregate Deal Value of Licensing Deals by Molecule Type and Molecular Target Class, 2006-2018 88

Figure 52: Breast Cancer, Global, Co-development Deals by Region, Value and Year, 2006-2018 92

Figure 53: Breast Cancer, Global, Number and Aggregate Deal Value of Co-development Deals by Stage of Development and Year, 2006-2018 93

Figure 54: Breast Cancer, Global, Number and Aggregate Deal Value of Co-development Deals by Molecule Type and Molecular Target Class, 2006-2018 94

Figure 55: Breast Cancer, Global, Number and Aggregate Deal Value of Co-development Deals by Molecule Type and Molecular Target Class, 2006-2018 95

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